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' 6 Sheets-Sheet, 1. C. L. P. MUELLER. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

(No Model.)

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. L. P. MUELLBR.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE. No. 325,619. Patented Sept. 1, 1885.

N. PETERS. Phomuxhagmphor. washi nnnnnnnn C.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

C. L. E. MUELLER.

' DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. n No. 325,619. Patented Sept. l, 1885.

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r Il? n (N0 Model.) 6 sheetssheet 4.

C..L. F. MUELLER.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 325,619. Patented sept. 1, 1885.

. N. PETERS. Phqmumngmphur, wmingmn. n. c.

(No Model.) e sheets-sheet 5. C. L. P. MUELLER. DY-NAMO ELECTRICMACHINE.

No. 325,619.' 6,@ Patented sept. 1, 1885.

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l lul N. PETERS, Mwmhonplm. WM". ILC

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

C. L. 1:". MUELLER.

, DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 325,619. Patented Sept. 1, 1885.

N. msn; Mmmm. www u. z;

CHARLES L. FR. MUELLER, OF MILVAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONEAHALF TOEMIL SOHANDEIN, OF SAME PLAGE.

DYNANlO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

GATON forming part of Letters Patent No. 325,619, dated September l,1885.

Application tiled June lz?, lS8-L (o model.)

To all whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that l', CHARLES L. FR. MURL- LER, of Milwaukee, in thecounty of Milwaukee, and in the State of lVisconsin, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-ElectricMachines; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric machines; and itconsists in peculiarities of construction, as will be more fullydescribed hereinafter.

In the drawings, Figure l is a broken top view of my improveddynamoelectric 1nachine. Fig. 2 is a perspective View of thefield-magnett Fig. 3 is a sectional View showing a detail ot' saidfield-magnet. Fig. 4 represents one of the armature-rings of my machine.Figs. 5, 6, 7 show details and manner ot' construction of the saidarmaturerings. Fig. S is a vertical section on line -y y ot' Fig. l, andshows the construction of the general current-commutator and of thepachytrop. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement of theconnecting-plates ot' the pacliytrop. Fig. l() is an enlarged side viewof part of my machine, illustrating the construction of thecurrent-governor ot' the same. Fig. 11 is atop view of part of saidgovernor. Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view on line x x of Fig. 10,showing the connection between the governor and the brushes of thefield-magnet commutator. Fig. 13 is a similar section in rear elevationof the same on line o t of Fig. 1. Fig. la is a perspective view of oneof the commutator-brushes. Fig. l5 is a vertical central section throughaportion ofthe commutators. Fig. 16 is a similar section through aportion of the revolving` armature or' the held-magnet and oftheconnnutators, showing the connection of the wire'conductors of thearmature with the rings of the commutator. Fig. 17 is atop view ol" oneol the commutators, showing one brush in position.

The object ot' my invention is, first, to so construct the armature ot'a dynamo-electric machine as to bring itin the closest proximity withthe largest possible surface ot' magnetic ield; this is effected bycomposing said armature of a series of dat rings which are interposedand made to rotate between similarly shaped parts of the iieldmlagiiets;second, to concentrate in the poles ot' the field-magnets the maximum ofmagnetism possible by inaking them of a series ot' circular platesarranged parallel with and on each side of the rings ot' the revolvingarmature; their diametrically opposite poles are simply united or elseunited to compact rectangular cores, and these as well as the circularplates themselves are surrounded withk wire, thus forming two doublepoles and presenting the largest possible surface of magnetic field;thirdly, to construct an improved form of commutator for the exteriorcurrent, entirely separated in this machine from the field-magnetcurrent, whereby through a simple manipulation ot' a peculiar mechanismcalled pachytrop the armatureconductors may be arranged in differentcombinations to produce more or less intensity or quantity; fourthly, toconstruct an improved form ot' commutator for the held-magnet current,permitting by a change in the position of the brushes to temporarilyexclude part ofthe armature conductors from activity, and to in thismanner increase or diminish the power ofthe field-magnets in order toregulate the exterior' current which depends ou it; lastly, to produce asimple form of governor to execute said regulation.

Instead of a cylindrical armature, as is most generally used fordynamo-electric machines, I employ an armature consisting ot' a seriesot' flat rings, A A A, forminga cylinder with ring shaped spaces whereinare received the similarly-shaped parts C C C of the field-magnets.These rings A A, any number of which may be used on the saine armature,consist ot' a hub, A', from which radially project the arms a a (d,having bifurcated ends ci a2. These latter iit in the notches a c", cutin the inner edge of a iiat ring, A2, around the outer edge of which arewound the coils of a softiron wire, A.

In Fig. 5 is shown the manner in which this wire coiling is etl'ected.Al is a hub, from which radiate the arms a" cd, extending slightlybeyond t-he intended diameter of the ring A, and which is set on eachside of the abovedescribed hub A', the wire is wound evenly between thearms a c", which are removed after the coiling, and the ring thus formedis ICO kept iirmly in place by means ol" the irregularshapedclamping-segments t5 a5, set in place around the same while yet hot.These seg ments, which are eut out otsoft-iron plates of suitablethickness, are illustrated in Fig. 7. Their central portion` a", is bentaround and covers one-fourth ofthe outer rim of the ring A, while thetongues alc7 on each side of said central portion are bent at rightangles to this latter to form the sides oi the ring, their endsprojecting slightly beyond the inner rim ot' the ring A. The tongue (don each end ot' the segments ai ai is cut slightly wider than thetongues al al, and these wide-ended tongues are made to coincide withthe notches a, formed on the inner rim ofthe ring A2, so as to hold inplace in said notches the bit'ureated ends a2 ot' the arms a (t, formingthe central part ofthe ring A. In the radial spaces left between thetongues aT al a a of the scgn'lents n c are wound the wire-comluetors AfA5 A5, andas, for conveniencein winding the same, it is desirable toremove the central portion, A, the end tongues, a", on one side ot` cachseg ment are made with a detachable end, as shown in full and dottedlilies, which is held in place after the said portion A has beeninserted by means ol' a rivet or screw, al". The rectangular groovesformed in this manner around each ol' the armaturerings A A, and inwhich are wound in two or three layers the wire-conductors A A", aretwentyl`our in number, and the tlectricity produced in the revolvingarmature is distributed in two eurrents-the exterior current and thecurrent of the lieldAmagnets. This is done by employing a certain numberot" the armature-rings for the tirst and the reni'aining ones for thelatter current. All the bobbins in each pair ot' diai'netricallyopposite rows parallel to the axis ot' the revolving` armature which areset apart for the exterior current areconnected in a single circuit. Thetwo free ends of the conductor thus l'ormed ol" cach pair ol" bobbinrows are carried to a connnutator, E, and

attached to diametrically-opposite segments e c e, forming saideommutator. So, also, all the bobbins in each pair ofdiametricallyopposite rows parallel to the axis of all the rings A thatare reserved for the production of the current i'or the field-magnetsare connected in such a manner that the irst wire ends of the bobbinsot' each row,as well as the last wire ends of the same, are united toone wire, as if each conductor were divided in difterent branches goingto the bobbins. The two free ends of the conductor thus formed arecarried to a second connnntator, F, and attached to thedia-metrically-oppositesegments ff, l'orming said commutator. Thiscommutator F, as Well as the above-mentioned comm'ntator E, will befully described hereinafter.

The rings A A A ot' the revolving armature, of which any number may beused, as may be desired, are fastened in any suitable manner on thedrivingshal't B ot' the machine, and are spaeefl thereon so as to allowol' the interposition between cach pai rol' thei same of the annularplates C C C, a series ot' which form the field-magnets shown in Fig. 2.These plates are composed of semicircular segments, each of which isprovided on its opposite ends with a ilange, c. These flanges arecentrally perforated to receive the bolt c' by means ot' which and ofthethreaded nut c2. the plates are fastened together. A series ofrectangular grooves are formed on both faces of these plates C C, aswell as on the inner and outer rim, andin these grooves are wound thewire-bobbins cl c* ol" the tield magnets; and projecting on cach sideot' said platesC-are the extensions c5 ci", the lower outer edge ofwhich rests on the top edge ofthe pedestal bracket G2, whereon they arelirmlyheld in place by means ot' the bolts c c", and which is itselfsuitably fastened on the upper lace ol' the bed-plate D of thedynamo-machine. The extensions are made so as to project bcyond eachlacc of the plate C by as much as will cover hall'ot the space leftbetween cach pair ol' plates l'or the armature-rings A A. They thus forma continuons line, as shown, and over these extensions is litted arectangular soft-iron frame, G, provided with a flange, ci, projectingat right angles to and along its upper and lower faces and on both edgesof it, thesei'langes c7 cT forming a rectangulargroove all around theframe, in which are wound the wire coils c ci, these latter, togethcrwith the wire-coils c* e wound in the rectangular grooves ot' thecircular plates (l G, being designed to l'orm the two double poles ofthefield-magnets, in close proximity with the faces ot' which the rings A AA ot' my revolving armature are interposed.

Fastened in any suitable manner around the driving-shalt B, at a properdistance in front ol" the rings A A ol' the revolving armature, is theconnnutator E of the exterior current. This commutator is composed ol'twelve separate rings ol` metal, ecce, each con sisting ot' twonearly-semicireular segments, whose ends are divided on one side by aspace filled up by a piece of metal, ci, insulated by an airspace, c e,from eat-h ot' said segments. The opposite ends ot' said segments areseparated only by an air-space, c'. Both segments of each ol' the metalrings c c are held in place by means ot' india-rubber disks c e e d,shaped so as to be slipped side by side on the shaft B, and so thatbetween the outer suitably-thinned portion ol" cach. adjoining one themetal rings c c e may be received, while a ilange, e", formed on eachl'ace of said disk c,will embrace the outer edge of said metal rings e,which they not onlyscrve to maintain in place, but also insulate fromeach. other. The outer rim ot' the rings c, as

well as that ot the insulating metal piece c, are grooved at cT cT toreceive the inner ends of the commutator-brushes esas. Thesebrnshes, anenlarged view of which is shown in Fig. 14, are made of a thin copperplate ol' suitable length bent so as to form an eye, c",

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-through the machine.

through which a screw, el", is passed to hold said brush in place on thesupporting-arms E E.

The arrangement ot' the commutator-rings e c around the rubber disks e eisA such that the angular position of each ring of the commutat-orexactly corresponds with the angular position of the row of bobbins withthe wireconduetors of which the ends of said rings are connected. Thiswill cause the ends of each ring to lap beyond the ends of eachadjoining ring, all the ends of the rings thus forming a spiral aroundand along the periphery of the commutator.

The connection between the rings of the commutator E andthewire-conductors ot the revolving armature is accomplished by means ot'the rods e c c c, &c., of suitable length, both ends of which arethreaded. One of said ends screws in a threaded perforation made throughthe ring e, which it is intended to connect with the correspondingwire-conductor of the revolving armature. The rod that connects thesecond ring c with its wire conductor has evidently to be passed throughthe first ring e, the rod ot' the third ring passing through the secondand first rings, and so on with the others, perforations being made forthe purpose in said rings.

El is a wooden disk which is set between the commutators E and F, andopposite this disk is the stand E, from which project the arms E E tosupport the brushes of the cominutator E. A segmental slot, e, is formedon each side of the stand E", and the arms E have their inner ends cutso as to fit squarely in said slot, wherein they are suitably held afterproper adjustment by means ot' bindingscrews. These arms E, which arethus maintained parallel to the commutatoraxis, are made to supporttwelve brass rings, cl c1, each of which is provided with an extension,el?, formed in its outer rim. Against this exten- `sion rests the upperedge of the connnutatorbrush, es, held thereon by means of thebinding-screw, el", another extension, em, is also formed on theopposite edge of said rings, and against this is fastened the outer endof the flat springs e. The inner end of said springs bears against theperiphery ot a roller, E". rl`his roller, which is supported above thecommutator E by means of a binding-screw screwing in the stand E,extends the whole length ot' said commutator and carries a series ofplates, cthwith either of which the inner end of the springs el may bebrought in contact, according to the quantity orintensity it is intendedto produce in the electric currents passing The peculiar arrangement ofthese plates c is clearly illustrated in 1Ahe diagram ot' Fig. 9. Theyare distributed in live rows parallel to the axis of the cylinder, andby means ot' the contact-springs el will enable the operator ot' themachine, as occasion may demand, to unite into groups of two, three,four, six, or twelve the brushes on each side of the commntator. Themachine is thus adapted to produce currents of different degrees betweenthe 'highest intensity and the highest quantity.

F indicates the eommutator for the licldmagnets, which is composed ofthe metal rings ff, of a slightly smaller diameter than those ot' thecommutatorE, above described. These rings consist of two semieircularsegments separated at both of their adjoining ends by a simpleair-space, ft. They are supported and maintained in place in exactly thesame manner as in the other eommutator by the india-rubber disks j" j",and the connection ot` each of the twelve rings fwith the wireconductors ofthe rings A ofthe revolving armature reserved for thecurrent of the fieldmagnets is effected through the rodsff3 in the samemanner as with the rods c c in the commutator E, the angular position ofthe rings so connecting corresponding also with the angular position ofthe ends ot' the armature-conductors to which they belong.

Y Twelve pairs ot' brushes, cEl es, insulated from each other, aremounted on each side of the commutator F, on the rods F F', projectingfrom the arms F2 F2. Each of these arms is provided with a ring,j"",whieh is loosely fitted around an extensiolnf, formed on the reartace of the bearing-box G, in which is journaled the driving-shaft B ofthe machine. Projecting downward from the lower edge of each of theserings f5 is another arm, Filwhich carries on its end thetoothedsegxnentfl. This segment meshes with a similar segment, F5,

carried on cud of the shaft F6. These shafts FG are journaled in theboX-bearingsff, provided for themen the bracket Fl, bolted onto thefront face ofthe stand Bl of the machine, and keyed onto the front endof these shafts are the arms FS, the outer ends of which carry toothedsegments f, that mesh with the worm-wheel F, keyed onto the verticalshaft H. This latter has suitable bearings above and below saidwornrwheel Fu in the outer ends ol" the bracket FT, while the lower endof the shal't H is journaled in the head t' ot' the bracket I, bolted inthe bed-plate of the Inachine. The head i has upward and downwardprojecting ends 'i' i2, which are turned true to form the bearing studsfor the beveled wheels l l2, which are held in place thereon by means ofthe rings iat, fastened onto the shaft H above and below said wheels bythe set-screws i it. These wheels are meshed with the verticalbevelwheel l, keyed onto the end of the shaft I, that is suitablyjournaled in the box ofthe stand L2.

Between the bevel-wheel l and the stand. keyed onto the shalt l", is apulley, l1", and this pulley is connected by means ot' the belt i withthe pulley il, carried on the end of the drivingshaft B, which isprojected beyond the front face of the stand B2 for that purpose.

Each ol' the horizontal bevel-wheels l lt is provided on its outer facewith a ratcheted rim, "i". Suspended at aslight distance above the teethot' the ratchet i are the clutching ends of the clutch fi, attached inanysuitable manner to the vertical shaft H. A similar clutch, fi, isfastened to the lower end of the shaft H, the clutching ends ol' whichare normallyheld slightly below the ratcheted rim fi of the. beveledwheel lt. The clutches/In andi1l are maintained in this normal positionby means ofthe horizontal lever K, which is fulcrumed in the bifurcatedupper end, im, ofthe bracket l. The short arm ot' this lever K has vitsouter end bifurcated at k to embrace the vertical shaft ll, whereon itis adapted to work freely against the inner edges of the rings l1 andh', secured onto the shalt H by means of the set-screws ht h2. rlheopposite end of the lever K is slotted horizontally to receive the ilatspring le fastened therein, and the opposite end of which is terminatedin a pivoting-point to tit in the slightly-hollowed end of theadjustingscrew k. This latter works inthe threaded stud It, formed onthe outer face ol' the horseshoeshaped bracket k', fastened on top ofthe post k, The screws 7's"',working in threaded perforations made inthe opposite ends of the bracket 7c', serve to limit the range ofoscillation of the lever K. This oscillation of the lever K is producedevery time that, for some cause or other, the electric current inducedthrough the machine has become either too strong or too weak for thework it has to perform. An armature, 7J, suitably connected to the leverK and projecting horizontally at right angles on each side ot' the same,is attracted to either one of the poles Z Z ot' two opposite electromagnets, L L', suitably mounted on the block M. rlhese electro-magnetsare connected in any suitable manner to the current equalizer orgovernor proper, which consists ol' the armature-wheel m, pivoted on thevertical stem mi', fastened in the block M. The flanged base of thisstem is extended on one side to form the bracket on?. The armature-wheelm has extensions m m", projecting diametrically on its outer rim, and asegment, mi, is fastened around the wheel m on each side of theextensions m m". The segment lying opposite the bracket m2 has avertically-slotted stud, m, formed in the center of its outer rim, andin its slot is received the inner end of the fiat spring m7, fastenedtherein. The Vfree end of this spring is terminated in a pivoting-pointto t in the slightlyhollowed end of t-he adjusting-screw mworking in thethreaded perforation in head of bracket m2. The segment m5 on theopposite side ofthe armature-wheel on is also provided on its centerwith a stud, m. The normal posit-ion of this stud m is midway betweenthe points oi' the screws mm m1", working in the threaded upper end ofthe brackets m m, fastened in the upper face of the block M. 'lhesescrews serve to limit the range ot' the armaturcwvhccl m as it isattracted by either one ol' the poles u n of t-he permanent steelmagnetN N or of the poles a a of the electromagnet N N. Both ot'thesemagnets are mounted in any suitable manner inthe block M, and

the distance between their respective poles is such that theextensionsmim of the armaturewheel cannot be brought ncarenough toeither of said poles to l'orm a close contact with them.

The permanent steel magnets N N and the electro-magnets N N are adjustedin a manner to have equal force for acurrentot such power as isusually wanted in the machine. To secu rc suchadjust1nent,the exteriorcurrent is divided into two branches, one branch of which circulates through the armature-wheel m, while the other is connected with anysuitable form of rheostat. This latter is shown as located opposite thegovernor in Fig. l, and by its means the current may be modified in sucha manner as to pass in a greater or smaller quantity, as required, byincluding or inserting more or less resistance-wire, whereby the currentwhich is circulated through the armature-wheel will be modified in thesame man ner. The moment a variation occurs in the exterior current thearmature-wheel m is attracted either to the poles of the steel magnet Nor to those of the electro-magnet N. Il" the attraction is tothepermanentstcel,1nagnet N, this will show that the electric currentcirculating through the machine is not ot' sut'lieient strength, andwill direct current through the electro-magnet L L, above described. Thearmature k7 of the lever K will be attracted to the poles Z l,depressing the inner end of said lever against the spring k, andconsequently raising the outer bifurcated end of the same, and therewiththe vertical shaft H. This will bring the lower clutch, t, ol" saidshaft H in engagement with the ratcheted rim i of the beveled wheel l.To the shaft H will thus be imparted the motion of said wheel l2, theworm-wheel F, revolving with the shat't ll, will cause the downwarddepression ot' the toothed segments f f,while the segments F5 F5 and flfT will be moved inward and the arms F2 F2 will be depressed outward.rl`he rods F F, which carry the brushes e c, will in this manner bemoved farther apart, and the angular space between the sliding ends ofthe same-that is, that part of the comniutator-periphery which passesbetween the ends of the brushes-will be increased accordingly;consequently the angular part of rotationin which opposite brushes touchbut one ofthe semicireular segments ot' the eommntator, and during thepassage of which the circulation of the current is suspended-will bedecreased and more electricity will be produced. When the equilibrium isre-established in the current, the armature-wheel mvof the governorbeing no more attracted to the steel magnet N, the lever K returns toits normal position on its spring k. The clutch fi is disengaged fromthe ratcheted rim ot' the wheel l, and the motion ofthe shaft H andconnecting-segments is arrested. Obviously, ifthe current flowingthrough the machine is stronger than necessary, the armature-wheel in,will be attracted to the poles of the electro-magnet N' N. These IOO IIO

being connected to the electro-magnets L L, the armaturek7 of the leverK will be attracted to their poles Z Z, depressing the shaft II andengaging the clutch im with the beveled wheel I. This latter revolvingin a direction opposite of that ofthe above-mentioned wheel I2, theworm-wheel F" on said shaft II will impart an upward motion to thesegments and through their connections the rods F F will be movedinward, carrying the brushes ends nearer to each other and causing adecrease in the circulation of the current to re-establish theequilibrium.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l., In a dynamo-electric machine, an armature consisting of a series ofiat rings, each having twelve opposite pairs ofgrooves adapted toreceive the bobbins, in combination wit-h a commutator and a switchconsisting of a cylinder having plates on its periphery, and springsconnected with the commutator brushes, by means of which the terminalsof the bobbins in each row parallel to the axis of the machine areconnected in single circuit or in groups of two, three, four, six, ortwelve when currents of greater or smaller intensity are desired,substantially as set forth.

2. A dynamo-electric machine having fieldmagnets consisting of a seriesof suitably-connected iiat rings,forming a cylinder,with ringshapedspaces to receive the similarly-shaped parts of t-he revolving armature,said rings being surrounded with wire and having dianietrically-oppositeextensions to support them and form compact rectangular cores,surrounded alsowith wire, whereby two double poles are secured, in whichthe maximum of magnetism is concentrated in close proximity to therevolving armature of the machine, substantially as set forth. y

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination, with an armaturehaving numerous bobbins and the commutator connected therewith, ofsprings connected with the commutator-brushes, and a switch havingplates arranged fcr various conditions of multiple are and multipleseries adapted to move in contact with said springs, whereby thearmature-bobbins may be variously grouped while the machine is -inaction.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, a commutator composed of semicircularsegments of rings suitably insulated from each other, and each having anouter channeled rim to receive the ends of the brushes, in combinationwith a corresponding number of brushes formed of copper springs andadapted to slide in and come in full contact with the sides of channeledrims of the commutator-rings, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

5. In a dy name-electric machine, a commutator having semicircularsegments of rings provided with an outer channeled rim to receive theends ofthe brushes, substantially asset forth.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, a commutator for the field-magnetcurrent, provided with a wor1n-wheel, toothed segments in meshtherewith, the arms of said segments being keyed on the ends of shaftswhose other ends carry other toothed segments, other toothed segments inmesh with those last named, and brush-holders actuated by thelast-mentioned segments, whereby the brushes of the said commutator areadapted to be moved in different positions to temporarily exclude partof the armature-conductors from activity, and to thereby increase ordiminish the power of the field-magnets and regulate the exteriorcurrent, substantially as set forth.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, in combination with a commutatoradapted to control the current for the field-magnets, a regulatingvmechanism consisting of the brush-holders mounted on each side of thecommutator on rods projecting from arms provided with rings looselyiittcd around an extension formed on the rear face of the driving-shaftbox, said rings having downward-projeeting arms carrying toothedsegments, shafts carrying arms with toothed segments at each end, thoseat one end being in mesh with the segments just named, and those at theother end meshing with a worm-wheel keyed on a vertical shaft, wherebythe .power of the said current may be increased or diminished asdesired, substantially as set forth.

8. In a dynamo-electric machine, in combination with the commutator forthe field-niagnet current, a permanent steel magnet, and anelectro-magnet, a governor consisting of an armature-wheel adapted tovibrate between the poles of the permanent steel magnet and those of theeleetromagnet, and to be attracted to either of said poles according tothe deviation ofthe current above or below the point desired,electro-magnets whose circuits are controlled by the vibratingarmature-wheel, and mechanism operated by said electro-magnets, wherebythe brushes of the latter are moved in one or the other direction toeither strengthen or weaken the current in the machine, substantially asset forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto 'set my hand, atMilwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Viseonsin, in thepresence of two witnesses.

MUELLER.

CHARLES L. FR.

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